古典、新古典、奥地利、制度、凯恩斯、演化、马克思主义——每个学派都触及了经济系统的某个维度。五维经济学提供统一的存在论框架，将交换重新定义为五维存在体的耦合与协同。
Classical, Neoclassical, Austrian, Institutional, Keynesian, Evolutionary, Marxist — every school touches one dimension of the economic system. Five-Dimensional Economics offers a unified ontological framework, redefining exchange as the coupling and synergy of two five-dimensional existents.
一切存在皆可表示为五维向量 E = (B, S, R, D, I)。协同系数 κ 由五维内协同（维度归一化值乘积）与维度间协同（10个匹配度 γij 乘积）共同决定。
All existents can be represented as five-dimensional vectors E = (B, S, R, D, I). The synergy coefficient κ is jointly determined by intra-dimensional synergy (product of normalized dimension values) and inter-dimensional synergy (product of ten matching degrees γij).
存在体与他者区分的界限，是独立识别的空间、时间或逻辑界限。边界决定"我是谁"，是耦合的前提。
The boundary that distinguishes an existent from others—spatial, temporal, or logical. Boundary determines "who I am" and is the prerequisite for coupling.
内部要素之间的组织关系，维持同一性的内在秩序。优良的结构使相同储备产生更高协同。
The organizational relationships among internal elements that maintain identity. Superior structure generates higher synergy from identical reserves.
可供调用的资源存量，应对变化和维持稳态的物质或能量基础。储备是耦合时的交换筹码。
The stock of resources available for mobilization—the material or energetic foundation for responding to change and maintaining steady states. Reserve is the bargaining chip in coupling.
演化的趋势或目标指向，从当下趋向未来的矢量。方向决定耦合的匹配对象与演化轨迹。
The evolutionary trend or target orientation—a vector from the present toward the future. Direction determines matching objects and evolutionary trajectories in coupling.
维持存在的力量或活跃程度，抵抗消散、维持稳态的内在张力。强度是存在体的"生命力"。
The force or activity level that sustains existence—the internal tension resisting dissipation and maintaining steady states. Intensity is the "vitality" of the existent.
采用乘积形式而非加和形式，因为五个维度之间存在非线性耦合。任一维度趋近于零，协同系数即趋近于零——这就是存在论的脆弱性。
A multiplicative rather than additive form is adopted because nonlinear coupling exists among the five dimensions. When any dimension approaches zero, the synergy coefficient approaches zero—this is the ontological fragility.
交换不是物品的流动，而是两个五维存在体在特定维度上的耦合与协同。
当 δ × κA × κB > κA + κB 时，产生正协同盈余。其中 κ 为五维内协同与维度间协同的乘积。
Exchange is not the flow of goods, but the coupling and synergy of two five-dimensional existents on specific dimensions.
Positive synergy surplus emerges when δ × κA × κB > κA + κB, where κ is the product of intra-5D synergy and inter-dimensional synergy.
每个经济学流派都像一位摸象的盲人，触及了经济系统的某个维度。五维框架不是否定任何学派，而是揭示它们的互补性与盲区。
Every economics school is like a blind man touching an elephant, grasping one dimension of the economic system. The 5D framework does not negate any school—it reveals their complementarity and blind spots.
劳动分工是结构优化，比较优势是边界界定。触及了 Structure 与 Boundary，但忽视了 Reserve、Direction 与 Intensity。
Division of labor is structural optimization; comparative advantage is boundary definition. Touches Structure and Boundary, but neglects Reserve, Direction, and Intensity.
边际效用是储备维度的边际协同递减。将经济还原为稀缺资源的配置，但简化了 Structure、外化了 Direction、忽略了 Intensity。
Marginal utility is the diminishing marginal synergy of the Reserve dimension. Reduces economics to scarce resource allocation, but simplifies Structure, externalizes Direction, and ignores Intensity.
企业家精神是方向维度的校准，自发秩序是边界维度的自发生成。强调市场过程与知识发现，但缺乏形式化工具。
Entrepreneurship is Direction calibration; spontaneous order is emergent Boundary generation. Emphasizes market process and knowledge discovery, but lacks formal tools.
交易成本是匹配函数的计算成本，产权是边界维度的制度化。关注制度如何降低耦合摩擦，但忽视制度的方向演化与执行强度。
Transaction costs are the computational costs of matching functions; property rights are the institutionalization of Boundary. Focuses on how institutions reduce coupling friction, but neglects institutional Direction evolution and enforcement Intensity.
有效需求不足是强度维度的集体崩溃，流动性陷阱是 I → 0 的极端状态。揭示了经济周期的心理-社会维度，但简化了其他维度。
Insufficient effective demand is a collective collapse of the Intensity dimension; the liquidity trap is the extreme state of I → 0. Reveals the psycho-social dimension of business cycles, but simplifies other dimensions.
剩余价值是结构维度的非对称耦合，资本积累是储备维度的自我扩张，异化是方向维度的扭曲。揭示了权力与剥削维度。
Surplus value is asymmetric coupling in the Structure dimension; capital accumulation is self-expansion of Reserve; alienation is distortion of Direction. Reveals dimensions of power and exploitation.
本书提出一个根本问题：经济交换的本质是什么？答案不是物品的流动，而是两个五维存在体的耦合与协同。从价值论到货币论，从增长理论到周期理论，从分配正义到全球治理——五维框架为经济学的所有领域提供统一的存在论基础。
This book poses a fundamental question: What is the essence of economic exchange? The answer is not the flow of goods, but the coupling and synergy of two five-dimensional existents. From value theory to monetary theory, from growth theory to cycle theory, from distributive justice to global governance—the 5D framework provides a unified ontological foundation for all domains of economics.
五维论不是孤立的理论孤岛，而是一个相互关联、协同演化的知识体系网络。
Five-Dimensional Theory is not an isolated island but an interconnected, co-evolving network of knowledge systems.